Ụdị usoro nke nnyefe bụ ihe siri ike ma mgbe ụfọdụ enweghị atụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, e nwere ọnọdụ ebe nchekwa maka ndụ nwatakịrị ahụ na nne kwesịrị ịbụ ngwa ngwa o kwere mee iji wuchaa ọmụmụ. N'okwu a, onye na-egbochi nwa oge na-ekpebi oge ọ ga-esi na-eme ka obstetric forceps.
Ogbugba obstetric - ntakiri n'akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ P. Chamberlain, bụ onye na-edebe ihe nzuzo ahụ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'onwe ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke mbụ.
Ndị ọha na eze bụ ndị a na-agbasi ike, nke abụọ bụ nke dọkịta dọkịta na-awa ahụ bụ Palfin mepụtara afọ 125. Ọ bụ site n'oge a (1723) ka a malitere iji ngwa ngwa obstetric ahụ malite ma mee ka ọ dị mma na mba ndị Europe, mgbe ahụ, na Russia na mpaghara ndị ọzọ so-Soviet.
Ruo oge mgbe usoro ịwa ahụ nke ọrịa ahụ na-abanye n'ime ihe omume obstetric, ọkpụkpụ obstetric bụ nanị ụzọ e si enweta ndụ nke ọtụtụ ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndị inyom na-amụ nwa, gụnyere.
Oke obstetric - ụdị na usoro nke ngwa
Ruo ugbu a, n'ozuzu ya, e nwere ihe karịrị 600 ụdị hardps obstetric nke dị iche na usoro ha na ọdịdị nke ngwa.
Dabere na ọnọdụ nke isi nwa ebu n'afọ, a na-ekewa ihe ndị a:
- Akwụsị nke mmechi mmechi (nke a na - ahụkarị) - nke dị n'elu isi, akụkụ buru ibu nke dị na ụgbọ elu nke ụzọ ọpụpụ nke obere pelvis. A naghị enwekarị ịbịpụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ bụ na n'ọnọdụ a, onye isi nwere ike ịkwụsị ọrịa.
- A na-achọrọ ike (obstinary) obstetric (atypical) ka ọ bụrụ na isi na-ahụ kpọmkwem n'ime oghere nke obere pelvis.
- A na-eme ihe nkwado dị elu n'oge mbụ mgbe isi nọ n'ọnụ ụzọ obere pelvis. Ngwa nke elu forcesps bụ usoro dị ize ndụ ma dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-eduga n'ịmalite nsogbu ọmụmụ, nke kpatara ya ka amachibidoro ya ugbu a.
Dị ka ọ na-achị, usoro ihe odide oge ochie na-ejikọta spoons abụọ, mkpọchi na aka.
Site n'ókè nke mgbagwoju anya nke mkpọchi - ihe jikọrọ ya, ike nke obstetric nwere ike kewaa n'ime:
- Russian (nnukwu ụlọ ahụ dị);
- German (ụlọ a na-anọchi anya);
- English (agagharị agafe);
- French (ụlọ elu).
Na mba anyị, Simpson nke a na-ejikarị na-asụ Bekee na-emekarị mgbanwe na mgbanwe nke obstetrician Phenomenov, na otu aha Simpson-Phenomenov. Ihe omuma a nwere akụkụ abuo - nri nri na aka ekpe, nke nwere mbadamba ihe abụọ (isi na pelvic), mkpọchi a na-akwagharị, ihe eji akpa aka na mkpara Bush maka idozi aka. Ibu arọ nke hardps bụ gram 500, ogologo dị ihe dị ka 35 cm. Ụkpụrụ nke ịkwasi mbọ ike nke obstetric na-adabere na njirimara nke ngwá ahụ, ma karịsịa ma ọ bụ mmepụta ma ọ bụ ndapụta.
Ọkpụrụkpụ obstetric - ihe akaebe na ihe ga-esi na ya apụta
Ihe ndị na-egosi na ị na-etinye aka n'akwụkwọ bụ:
- ọrịa nke usoro obi, akụrụ, obi nwanyi nke na-ekwekọghị na ibu ọrụ;
- arụ ọrụ ike;
- nnukwu nwa ebu n'afọ hypoxia ;
- prolapse nke umbilical cord loops;
- mkpochapu nke placenta na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, na uche dọkịta.
Ọzọkwa maka usoro enwere ọnọdụ ndị a:
- nwa ebu n'afọ;
- nkwupụta zuru oke;
- nkwekọ nke isi na pelvis akụkụ;
- enweghi eriri nwa ebu n'afọ.
Na mgbakwunye na atụmatụ ndị dị n'elu, ọ dị mma ịkọtara na usoro maka ịmalite mkparịta ụka obstetric dị mgbagwoju anya, ọ bụghịkwa ndị ọkachamara nwere nkà ndị a zuru okè. Na mgbakwunye, nsogbu nwere ike ime, ma nke nne na nwa ahụ. Nke a bụ:
- ọnyá nke ọmụmụ nwa, nkwụsị nke cervix , na mgbe ụfọdụ, akpanwa n'onwe ya;
- nsogbu na isi na mpaghara nke nwa ebu n'afọ;
- paresis nke ọdịdị ihu;
- hematomas;
- ọnyá na ụbụrụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.